Discussion:
SMA EEPROM_d Error fixes [RE-wrenches]
John Berdner
2003-09-26 01:04:17 UTC
Permalink
Wrenches:

In the words of Douglas Adams: "Don't Panic and always remember to pack
your towel".


Background:

In a very limited number of installations we have seen EEPROM_d errors.

The EEPROM_d error is generated when the inverter is trying to write
values from RAM into EEPROM.
Normally the write cycle occurs only at the end of the day when the
production totals for the day are added to the previous data.
(If the inverter sees grid abnormalities it also generates a write
sequence to update the error counters, etc.)
If the write cycle is interrupted then the data is corrupted and the
inverter throws out the bad data and the EEPROM_d error is generated.
The best we can tell is that the error is essentially random but we
have seen a higher incidence of this error in areas that have noisy
power.
Initially we thought there was a correlation to multiple inverter
installations but now we think it is more related to poor power quality
at the site.
Our best guess is that the interruption is caused when grid conditions
(grid voltage, noise, asymmetric waveform, etc.) cause the inverters
anti-islanding routines to kick in during the write cycle.
Please understand that this is very tricky problem that we have not
been able to reliably reproduce in the lab either here at SMA America or
at SMA in Germany.

Solutions:

The existing versions of firmware an EEPROM_d error can be cleared with
a manual reset.
This was covered in one of my earlier wrenches posts and on our web
site as well.
The manual reset can be done in the field (see the tech updates section
our web site for the procedure).
In the vast majority of cases the manual reset solves the problems and
it does not reoccur.
We have, however, seen recurring EEPROM_d errors in a handfull
(literally) of systems.

Obviously the manual method is undesirable so...
We have been working on a new version of firmware that eliminates the
requirement for the manual reset.
This new version has taken a while because, after we figured out what
was happening, we had to write new firmware and then get UL approval on
the new version.
SMA follows UL 1998 procedures for firmware updates and this means UL
has to review any changes we make to firmware and approve it before we
can ship it to the field.
The new firmware is Version 8.90 (Srr) / 8.92 (Bfr) and, last week when
Kent was over in Germany, we released it for use on a limited field
trial basis.

Please note that we are trying to be very conservative here to make
sure the cure isn't worse than the disease.

With the new firmware, the EEPROM_d error still occurs but the inverter
just throws away the corrupt data and records the error.
As in the old firmware, you lose the production data for that day but
not the energy that was generated.
The inverter should restart normally the next time the it is powered up
instead of requiring a manual reset.
Typically this is the next morning but you can always force the restart
by cycling the dc disconnect.
Since the EEPROM write cycle normally occurs at the end of the day the
EEPROM_d error should not have a significant impact on power production.



Caveats:

For the vast majority of installations we do not recommend updating the
firmware.
IMHO, it is unnecessary and simply not worth the trouble unless the
EEPROM_d error is a recurring problem at that site.
If you have had a site with recurring EEPROM_d errors and would like to
be part of the field trial please contact Jasun Mills at SMA America.



As with all things in life there is no free lunch, so here are the
caveats to upgrading the firmware:
Version 8.90/8.92 will work in both 1800's and 2500's with firmware
version 8.65 and higher.
Inverters with earlier versions of firmware will need to come back here
for a hardware fix before they can be updated.
Fortunately we have not really seen this problem in older units.

If you are using any of the Sunny Boy Control products you >> MAY <<
need to upgrade the firmware in the SBC.
This is really a big bummer since you have to reconfigure your plant
after the upgrade and check to make sure your data map is consistent.
- For the Sunny Boy Control Light you need to update to firmware
Version 2.17
- For the Sunny Boy Control and Control Plus you need to update to
firmware Version 3.21
- For the Sunny Control Data software you need to update to Version
3.30
This shouldn't be an issue for newer installations since these are the
current versions of firmware shipping in products and available on our
web site.


Best REgards,

John Berdner
solarpro at aol.com 9/24/2003 12:50:34 PM >>>
Anybody:


I have been experiencing a number of SB EEPROM errors, both 1800 and
2500.
It is easy enough to reset the inverter, but this can really be
inconvenient
when it takes a full day to make a round trip to spend five minutes
restarting
the system. SMA says that they still are working on a fix, and yet
apparently
some installers have already received a new chip that will stop the
problem,
supposedly.

I have noticed that the error has only (so far) occurred on multiple
inverter
installs, and I have never had to reset the same inverter twice.

Has anybody else been having this problem? Are there any ideas about
what is
going on?

Patrick A. Redgate
AMECO
Long Beach, CA
(562) 595-9570
www.amecosolar.com






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Gary Higbee
2003-09-26 18:16:11 UTC
Permalink
Wrenches,

In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot of
Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should allow
the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in particular West-
and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards requiring some sort of
sun shade (while still maintaining good air circulation).

We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?

What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs? Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?

Thank you,

Gary

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary Higbee (gary at windstreamsolar.com)
(541 )607-1818 (Eugene)
(541) 954-3881 (Cell)
Solar, wind, and hydro site analysis and system design
Components dealer and installation assistance
Energy Trust of Oregon contracted system inspector
~ WindStream Solar (www.windstreamsolar.com) ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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max Balchowsky
2003-09-26 20:18:53 UTC
Permalink
Gary, I've put in a lot of SMA 2500's here in the Cochella Valley (Palm
Springs, Ca.). I always install the inverters in an air conditioned
enviornment (some where in the house).
There are a couple of months where the outside ambient temp is above 110. In
my experience Anything above 85 degrees will start to fall off in efficiency
for any inverter. (I dont use anything but Sonny Boy, even on large
projects). If you put any inverter anywhere outside it should be
shaded...........and if it gets above 85 - use a fan to move air across the
cooling fins.......
.
Max
SEE Systems, Inc.
Palm Springs, Ca. 92262
760-403-6810


----- Original Message -----
From: "Gary Higbee" <gary at windstreamsolar.com>
To: <RE-wrenches at topica.com>
Sent: Friday, September 26, 2003 11:16 AM
Subject: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]
Post by Gary Higbee
Wrenches,
In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot of
Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should allow
the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in particular West-
and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards requiring some sort of
sun shade (while still maintaining good air circulation).
We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs? Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?
Thank you,
Gary
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary Higbee (gary at windstreamsolar.com)
(541 )607-1818 (Eugene)
(541) 954-3881 (Cell)
Solar, wind, and hydro site analysis and system design
Components dealer and installation assistance
Energy Trust of Oregon contracted system inspector
~ WindStream Solar (www.windstreamsolar.com) ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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max Balchowsky
2003-09-26 20:18:53 UTC
Permalink
Gary, I've put in a lot of SMA 2500's here in the Cochella Valley (Palm
Springs, Ca.). I always install the inverters in an air conditioned
enviornment (some where in the house).
There are a couple of months where the outside ambient temp is above 110. In
my experience Anything above 85 degrees will start to fall off in efficiency
for any inverter. (I dont use anything but Sonny Boy, even on large
projects). If you put any inverter anywhere outside it should be
shaded...........and if it gets above 85 - use a fan to move air across the
cooling fins.......
.
Max
SEE Systems, Inc.
Palm Springs, Ca. 92262
760-403-6810


----- Original Message -----
From: "Gary Higbee" <gary at windstreamsolar.com>
To: <RE-wrenches at topica.com>
Sent: Friday, September 26, 2003 11:16 AM
Subject: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]
Post by Gary Higbee
Wrenches,
In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot of
Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should allow
the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in particular West-
and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards requiring some sort of
sun shade (while still maintaining good air circulation).
We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs? Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?
Thank you,
Gary
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary Higbee (gary at windstreamsolar.com)
(541 )607-1818 (Eugene)
(541) 954-3881 (Cell)
Solar, wind, and hydro site analysis and system design
Components dealer and installation assistance
Energy Trust of Oregon contracted system inspector
~ WindStream Solar (www.windstreamsolar.com) ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Mo Rousso
2003-09-26 21:06:18 UTC
Permalink
Probably best to let SMA respond to this, but here is my take/experience and
some obvious thoughts.

While air circulation is good, ambient temp also needs to be factored. If
you are in a cold location, a southerly exposure may not be a bad thing.

How loaded is the inverter? An SWR2500U with two strings of 9 160-170W
panels needs cooling more than the same inverter with 9 140W panels.

Sometimes the addition of a cooling fan to the heat sink helps quite a bit.
There are some options, from the SMA Sunny Breeze to the Radio Shack home
built. One of my favorites is to use a DC fan and a 5-10W PV panel to not
only power the fan, but to shade the inverter as well.

Once, I saw a Sunny Boy display in full sun go completely black. I think
some LCDs don?t like direct sun, but I?m not sure.

So, I don?t think that this is a black and white subject like PV array
orientation and shading might be.
--
Mo Rousso
President
HelioPower
Renewable Energy Systems
Remote Power Solutions
mrousso at heliopower.com
www.heliopower.com
760.451.9374


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mlafferty
2003-09-26 22:36:21 UTC
Permalink
Post by Gary Higbee
In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot
of Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should
allow the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in
particular West- and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards
requiring some sort of sun shade (while still maintaining good air
circulation).

We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?

What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?

-Gary


Gary / Wrenches:

There are a couple of things Gary is asking, if you're asking me.... I
know nobody did, but....

First of all, I'm with Mo R in that SMA should, and I believe will,
weigh in here. Secondly, Max B's answer simply won't work everywhere
for everybody. It is extremely commendable in its intent and effort.
Max's local extreme heat isn't necessarily the case in Oregon and
placing the inverter in the environmentally conditioned space adds heat
to that space. Does that heat add up to more cooling load than the
"lost kWH" from "derating"? I don't know the answer, and don't have the
formulas handy, but it's gotta be something.

I have personally seen and "dealt with" the "de-rating" issue on at
least 50 systems in the last two years. I say 50 just to be
conservative. None of them have "dropped dead" from the heat yet!

The real essence I get from Gary H's question is this: He is acting as
an inspector in this capacity. A third-party expert. The results and
opinion(s) he has about the systems he inspects eventually lead to two
primary things.... An incentive payment or not and, perhaps FAR more
importantly and long-reaching, POLICY. Gary is asking a question
because he wants to do the most responsible thing he can.... Probably
for the end-user, Industry, and future of the Industry at least in
Oregon. Thank you, Gary, for caring enough to ask!

I can answer most of the "end-user" part of that from experience and
production data. That part is the "productivity" issue. The answer is
that, here in the Sacramento area (Not as hot at the Coachella Valley,
but hotter than a lot of places!) no measurable or discernable kWH
production trends are found in otherwise comparable systems. FACT! It
is a factor we are monitoring and looking for, by the way.

Another "wildcard" is "What the Customer is expecting".... Salespeople
promise anything. Well-intentioned or not. On top of that, it's not
"What you told them" that counts.... It's "What they heard"!!!!!!
That's a big one and every single one of us should be sensitive to and
understand it. Please be ethical!!!!!

The other part of the equation is the cumaltive "life-expectancy" of the
inverter and its accessories. (Like blackened LCD Displays...Which does
occur when they are in the heat. Most, if not all I have visited later
display accurately when in the cooler parts of the day. Your calculator
will do the same thing if you leave it on the dash.)

"How much of the effective inverter life is lost by being exposed to
direct sunlight?" is what it all comes down to.

In order to truly answer that question, we will have to conduct at least
a 15 year study. That study will require, among many other things, a
sample quantity of inverters on comparable systems, in various exposure
settings. (Compare an inverter mounted in a garage, another inside a
conditioned space, another on the north side of a house, another on the
south, another on the south with partial shade, another on the south
with full shade and good airflow, another on the west, with and without
shade, etc. Oh, by the way, the arrays will all have to be comparable,
too! Multiply that by at least 20 to get even the most basic element of
scientificity!)

I don't think this Industry can wait 20 years, personally. I'm gonna
live to be 100 and Alive. That's my "life expectancy". It's those
"unexpected" things that will more than likely get in the way of that.
Like maybe a Mack Truck vs. my motorcycle!

Back to Gary H's issue.... Policy and End-User Value. Since some agency
is disbursing funds, as an investment in our Industry, those funds must
be disbursed fairly and in the most reasonable and justifiable manner
possible. That is one element of "free money" that many don't fully
understand, but it comes at a cost and, at least in Gary's case, he
cares enough to ask. How many inspectors do you know who even bother?

Think about it this way: If Gary goes back to the Energy Trust and says
"No Sunny Boys in the Sun", that will lead to a policy of "No inverters
in the Sun, EVER!" A blanket policy like this will put things in
people's minds that may not be easily overcome. The word will spread
among local building inspectors. Instead of looking at the real things
that matter, like properly wired and safely installed systems, some of
them will walk up, see that there is a potential for the inverter to
"see the light of day" and that will be "it". That's a FACT. I don't
believe that's a prudent course.

This brings up a couple of Manufacturer's-Please-Support-Us issues. We,
as Wrenches, need the Manu's to include Clear and Definitive
recommendations and guidelines in their Installation Manuals to address
this and other topics. If there is something like "Not in the direct
Sun", then have a reasonably priced "accessory" available for those
applications. This makes it easier for the Designer/Installer, promotes
Branding, and makes it easy for the Building Inspector! It will also,
IMHO, make it easier for the Manu.

I don't have a "definitive" answer to Gary's question so I'll quantify
it like this and hope for the best in Oregon!

My personal bottom line is this: Do your best, with all the Site
Circumstances considered, to put those inverters in the shade... For
some "unquantifiable at this point insurance", if nothing else. Just
instinct based on experience. Be honest with your Customers about your
concerns. You'll find that, ultimately, you end up selling more systems
and getting to install them "your way" with less problems. One of the
reasons is simply that "The Customer who is going to buy from the
Sales-Slick is going to buy from them anyway." Those are the Customers
that honest, hard-working, believing, real Wrenches don't want. They
are headaches!

PS - My gut feeling is that Max B's inverters will last longer and
generate "more kWH's per Inverter" than one installed in the direct Sun.

Two Cents and.....

Sunshine!

Matt Lafferty
Universal Energies Institute
mlafferty at universalenergies.com
(916) 422-9772
(916) 628-7694 Cell
(916) 914-2247 Fax
www.universalenergies.com

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John Berdner
2003-09-27 00:55:19 UTC
Permalink
Gary / Wrenches:

The direct sun question is one we get all the time.
Our manual says do not mount the inverter in direct sunlight.
If the inverter is in direct sunlight then use a shade over the
heatsink or use a fan.
That being said I do not want to rule out ever mounting an inverter on
the South or West wall.
Every installation is different so blanket statements can't apply - use
good judgement.
Matt L.'s post is right on the money in this regard.

We suggest:
Mount the inverter in the shade whenever possible.
Ideally on the North or East side of a building.
You can also mount them on the roof under an array if you have 10" or
so above the heatsink.
In all cases airflow is MUCH more important than ambient temperature as
far as derating is concerned.
If you run it at < 75% of rated power it will probably work pretty well
with sun on it.
If you have to put it in the sun put a fan on it or put up a shade
structure.
If you don't have a fan or shade in full sun then your customer will
probably be crying the 12 bar derating blues.



Bottom Line:
UL requires us to limit the heatsink to 70C under all conditions.
If the heatsink gets up above 65C then you will start to have some
derating going on.
Every system / installation is different so take out your calibrated,
mark 1 palm and press it against the heatsink in the hottest part of the
day.
If your hand gets uncomfortable then it is probably too hot and needs
some shade or a fan.

Best Regards,

John Berdner
gary at windstreamsolar.com 9/26/2003 11:16:11 AM >>>
Wrenches,

In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot
of
Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should
allow
the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in particular
West-
and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards requiring some
sort of
sun shade (while still maintaining good air circulation).

We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?

What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?

Thank you,

Gary

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary Higbee ( gary at windstreamsolar.com )
(541 )607-1818 (Eugene)
(541) 954-3881 (Cell)
Solar, wind, and hydro site analysis and system design
Components dealer and installation assistance
Energy Trust of Oregon contracted system inspector
~ WindStream Solar ( www.windstreamsolar.com ) ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



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Don Loweburg, Offline
2003-09-28 00:45:23 UTC
Permalink
In a message dated 09/26/2003 11:16:19 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Gary Higbee
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?
Gary, I would not put them in the sun. I know Oregon is not as hot as central
CA,(my area) but in all cases, I don't think it's a good idea.

Don Loweburg

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Darryl Thayer
2003-09-28 01:36:48 UTC
Permalink
I have three in the sun. they are on the west side of
the building. At solar noon they are shaded by the
overhang as the afternoon progresses they are in more
sunlight, but the solar energy is fading on the
collectors. By time the invewrtrers are near full sun
the collectors are almost out of power. So the sun is
derating itself.
daryl
Post by Don Loweburg, Offline
In a message dated 09/26/2003 11:16:19 AM Pacific
Daylight Time,
Post by Gary Higbee
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see
what derating occurs?
Post by Gary Higbee
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or
not?
Gary, I would not put them in the sun. I know Oregon
is not as hot as central
CA,(my area) but in all cases, I don't think it's a
good idea.
Don Loweburg
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Matt Tritt
2003-09-28 02:10:27 UTC
Permalink
Don,

I thought you were in Northern Ca?

Matt T (in Central Ca!);-)

-----Original Message-----
From: Don Loweburg, Offline [mailto:i2p at aol.com]
Sent: Saturday, September 27, 2003 5:45 PM
To: RE-wrenches at topica.com
Subject: Re: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]



In a message dated 09/26/2003 11:16:19 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Gary Higbee
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?
Gary, I would not put them in the sun. I know Oregon is not as hot as
central
CA,(my area) but in all cases, I don't think it's a good idea.

Don Loweburg

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Don Loweburg, Offline
2003-09-28 19:10:47 UTC
Permalink
In a message dated 09/27/2003 6:41:47 PM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Darryl Thayer
By time the invewrtrers are near full sun
the collectors are almost out of power. So the sun is
derating itself.
A good example of Matts point. The details of the situation determine whats
possible.
All rules can be judiciously broken. But we still start with the rule. The
recommendation of the manufacturer is to not place inverters in the sun.
Best,Don

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Jason Fisher
2003-09-29 13:11:30 UTC
Permalink
A question I've often had when facing this problem is whether or not
black is really the best color for the exposed heatsinks. Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?

Jason Fisher
Aurora Energy

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sunwise
2003-09-29 15:09:28 UTC
Permalink
If I remember correctly, a black surface is not only better at receiving
radiant heat energy (in the sun), it is also better at dissipating heat
via radiant heat loss/exchange. I would assume this is why we tend to
see flat black heatsinks.

Kurt Nelson
SOLutions

-----Original Message-----
From: Jason Fisher [mailto:jfisher at nahbrc.org]
Sent: Monday, September 29, 2003 8:12 AM
To: RE-wrenches at topica.com
Subject: RE: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]

A question I've often had when facing this problem is whether or not
black is really the best color for the exposed heatsinks. Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?

Jason Fisher
Aurora Energy

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Dean T. Newberry
2003-09-30 06:26:53 UTC
Permalink
<x-flowed>
Hi y'All,
In the Hydronics industry we learned that radiant energy reflection and
emissivity are roughly inverse.
The rule of thumb is the surface shinyness is the factor governing
reflection and emissivity, not the color.
A shiny surface regardless of it's color will reflect 90% of heat, a
flat surface will absorb 90% of the heat. For example, a sheet of
shiny aluminum foil will reflect 90%, paint it with flat latex paint and
it will absorb 90% of the heat. If you use white latex, both will
reflect 90% of the light.
Color is the factor for governing the absorbtion or reflectance of
light, ie white reflects 90%, black absorbs 90% of light. The heat sink
in my PC is anodized black, the one in my MAC is anodized clear.
I suspect the color of the heat sink was decided for other reasons than
the factors listed above.
My reasoning leads me to suspect a clear anodized heat sink on a
Sunnyboy would perform slightly beter in direct sunlight than a black
heat sink. The recommendation is to put the SB in the shade, so color
is irrelevant for performance. Black looks nicer against red, blue, and
yellow.
I'll bet John Berdner has something to say about all this.

See y'All later deant
Post by sunwise
If I remember correctly, a black surface is not only better at receiving
radiant heat energy (in the sun), it is also better at dissipating heat
via radiant heat loss/exchange. I would assume this is why we tend to
see flat black heatsinks.
Kurt Nelson
SOLutions
-----Original Message-----
From: Jason Fisher [mailto:jfisher at nahbrc.org]
Sent: Monday, September 29, 2003 8:12 AM
To: RE-wrenches at topica.com
Subject: RE: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]
A question I've often had when facing this problem is whether or not
black is really the best color for the exposed heatsinks. Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?
Jason Fisher
Aurora Energy
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</x-flowed>
Dean T. Newberry
2003-09-30 06:26:53 UTC
Permalink
<x-flowed>
Hi y'All,
In the Hydronics industry we learned that radiant energy reflection and
emissivity are roughly inverse.
The rule of thumb is the surface shinyness is the factor governing
reflection and emissivity, not the color.
A shiny surface regardless of it's color will reflect 90% of heat, a
flat surface will absorb 90% of the heat. For example, a sheet of
shiny aluminum foil will reflect 90%, paint it with flat latex paint and
it will absorb 90% of the heat. If you use white latex, both will
reflect 90% of the light.
Color is the factor for governing the absorbtion or reflectance of
light, ie white reflects 90%, black absorbs 90% of light. The heat sink
in my PC is anodized black, the one in my MAC is anodized clear.
I suspect the color of the heat sink was decided for other reasons than
the factors listed above.
My reasoning leads me to suspect a clear anodized heat sink on a
Sunnyboy would perform slightly beter in direct sunlight than a black
heat sink. The recommendation is to put the SB in the shade, so color
is irrelevant for performance. Black looks nicer against red, blue, and
yellow.
I'll bet John Berdner has something to say about all this.

See y'All later deant
Post by sunwise
If I remember correctly, a black surface is not only better at receiving
radiant heat energy (in the sun), it is also better at dissipating heat
via radiant heat loss/exchange. I would assume this is why we tend to
see flat black heatsinks.
Kurt Nelson
SOLutions
-----Original Message-----
From: Jason Fisher [mailto:jfisher at nahbrc.org]
Sent: Monday, September 29, 2003 8:12 AM
To: RE-wrenches at topica.com
Subject: RE: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]
A question I've often had when facing this problem is whether or not
black is really the best color for the exposed heatsinks. Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?
Jason Fisher
Aurora Energy
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</x-flowed>

Don Loweburg, Offline
2003-09-29 16:25:00 UTC
Permalink
In a message dated 09/29/2003 6:12:09 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Jason Fisher
Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?
Jason,

Black is important, as a radiator of heat, black works best.-Downside, black
is also the most efficient absorber of radiant energy.

Best, Don

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John Berdner
2003-09-26 01:04:17 UTC
Permalink
Wrenches:

In the words of Douglas Adams: "Don't Panic and always remember to pack
your towel".


Background:

In a very limited number of installations we have seen EEPROM_d errors.

The EEPROM_d error is generated when the inverter is trying to write
values from RAM into EEPROM.
Normally the write cycle occurs only at the end of the day when the
production totals for the day are added to the previous data.
(If the inverter sees grid abnormalities it also generates a write
sequence to update the error counters, etc.)
If the write cycle is interrupted then the data is corrupted and the
inverter throws out the bad data and the EEPROM_d error is generated.
The best we can tell is that the error is essentially random but we
have seen a higher incidence of this error in areas that have noisy
power.
Initially we thought there was a correlation to multiple inverter
installations but now we think it is more related to poor power quality
at the site.
Our best guess is that the interruption is caused when grid conditions
(grid voltage, noise, asymmetric waveform, etc.) cause the inverters
anti-islanding routines to kick in during the write cycle.
Please understand that this is very tricky problem that we have not
been able to reliably reproduce in the lab either here at SMA America or
at SMA in Germany.

Solutions:

The existing versions of firmware an EEPROM_d error can be cleared with
a manual reset.
This was covered in one of my earlier wrenches posts and on our web
site as well.
The manual reset can be done in the field (see the tech updates section
our web site for the procedure).
In the vast majority of cases the manual reset solves the problems and
it does not reoccur.
We have, however, seen recurring EEPROM_d errors in a handfull
(literally) of systems.

Obviously the manual method is undesirable so...
We have been working on a new version of firmware that eliminates the
requirement for the manual reset.
This new version has taken a while because, after we figured out what
was happening, we had to write new firmware and then get UL approval on
the new version.
SMA follows UL 1998 procedures for firmware updates and this means UL
has to review any changes we make to firmware and approve it before we
can ship it to the field.
The new firmware is Version 8.90 (Srr) / 8.92 (Bfr) and, last week when
Kent was over in Germany, we released it for use on a limited field
trial basis.

Please note that we are trying to be very conservative here to make
sure the cure isn't worse than the disease.

With the new firmware, the EEPROM_d error still occurs but the inverter
just throws away the corrupt data and records the error.
As in the old firmware, you lose the production data for that day but
not the energy that was generated.
The inverter should restart normally the next time the it is powered up
instead of requiring a manual reset.
Typically this is the next morning but you can always force the restart
by cycling the dc disconnect.
Since the EEPROM write cycle normally occurs at the end of the day the
EEPROM_d error should not have a significant impact on power production.



Caveats:

For the vast majority of installations we do not recommend updating the
firmware.
IMHO, it is unnecessary and simply not worth the trouble unless the
EEPROM_d error is a recurring problem at that site.
If you have had a site with recurring EEPROM_d errors and would like to
be part of the field trial please contact Jasun Mills at SMA America.



As with all things in life there is no free lunch, so here are the
caveats to upgrading the firmware:
Version 8.90/8.92 will work in both 1800's and 2500's with firmware
version 8.65 and higher.
Inverters with earlier versions of firmware will need to come back here
for a hardware fix before they can be updated.
Fortunately we have not really seen this problem in older units.

If you are using any of the Sunny Boy Control products you >> MAY <<
need to upgrade the firmware in the SBC.
This is really a big bummer since you have to reconfigure your plant
after the upgrade and check to make sure your data map is consistent.
- For the Sunny Boy Control Light you need to update to firmware
Version 2.17
- For the Sunny Boy Control and Control Plus you need to update to
firmware Version 3.21
- For the Sunny Control Data software you need to update to Version
3.30
This shouldn't be an issue for newer installations since these are the
current versions of firmware shipping in products and available on our
web site.


Best REgards,

John Berdner
solarpro at aol.com 9/24/2003 12:50:34 PM >>>
Anybody:


I have been experiencing a number of SB EEPROM errors, both 1800 and
2500.
It is easy enough to reset the inverter, but this can really be
inconvenient
when it takes a full day to make a round trip to spend five minutes
restarting
the system. SMA says that they still are working on a fix, and yet
apparently
some installers have already received a new chip that will stop the
problem,
supposedly.

I have noticed that the error has only (so far) occurred on multiple
inverter
installs, and I have never had to reset the same inverter twice.

Has anybody else been having this problem? Are there any ideas about
what is
going on?

Patrick A. Redgate
AMECO
Long Beach, CA
(562) 595-9570
www.amecosolar.com






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Gary Higbee
2003-09-26 18:16:11 UTC
Permalink
Wrenches,

In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot of
Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should allow
the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in particular West-
and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards requiring some sort of
sun shade (while still maintaining good air circulation).

We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?

What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs? Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?

Thank you,

Gary

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary Higbee (gary at windstreamsolar.com)
(541 )607-1818 (Eugene)
(541) 954-3881 (Cell)
Solar, wind, and hydro site analysis and system design
Components dealer and installation assistance
Energy Trust of Oregon contracted system inspector
~ WindStream Solar (www.windstreamsolar.com) ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Mo Rousso
2003-09-26 21:06:18 UTC
Permalink
Probably best to let SMA respond to this, but here is my take/experience and
some obvious thoughts.

While air circulation is good, ambient temp also needs to be factored. If
you are in a cold location, a southerly exposure may not be a bad thing.

How loaded is the inverter? An SWR2500U with two strings of 9 160-170W
panels needs cooling more than the same inverter with 9 140W panels.

Sometimes the addition of a cooling fan to the heat sink helps quite a bit.
There are some options, from the SMA Sunny Breeze to the Radio Shack home
built. One of my favorites is to use a DC fan and a 5-10W PV panel to not
only power the fan, but to shade the inverter as well.

Once, I saw a Sunny Boy display in full sun go completely black. I think
some LCDs don?t like direct sun, but I?m not sure.

So, I don?t think that this is a black and white subject like PV array
orientation and shading might be.
--
Mo Rousso
President
HelioPower
Renewable Energy Systems
Remote Power Solutions
mrousso at heliopower.com
www.heliopower.com
760.451.9374


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mlafferty
2003-09-26 22:36:21 UTC
Permalink
Post by Gary Higbee
In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot
of Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should
allow the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in
particular West- and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards
requiring some sort of sun shade (while still maintaining good air
circulation).

We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?

What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?

-Gary


Gary / Wrenches:

There are a couple of things Gary is asking, if you're asking me.... I
know nobody did, but....

First of all, I'm with Mo R in that SMA should, and I believe will,
weigh in here. Secondly, Max B's answer simply won't work everywhere
for everybody. It is extremely commendable in its intent and effort.
Max's local extreme heat isn't necessarily the case in Oregon and
placing the inverter in the environmentally conditioned space adds heat
to that space. Does that heat add up to more cooling load than the
"lost kWH" from "derating"? I don't know the answer, and don't have the
formulas handy, but it's gotta be something.

I have personally seen and "dealt with" the "de-rating" issue on at
least 50 systems in the last two years. I say 50 just to be
conservative. None of them have "dropped dead" from the heat yet!

The real essence I get from Gary H's question is this: He is acting as
an inspector in this capacity. A third-party expert. The results and
opinion(s) he has about the systems he inspects eventually lead to two
primary things.... An incentive payment or not and, perhaps FAR more
importantly and long-reaching, POLICY. Gary is asking a question
because he wants to do the most responsible thing he can.... Probably
for the end-user, Industry, and future of the Industry at least in
Oregon. Thank you, Gary, for caring enough to ask!

I can answer most of the "end-user" part of that from experience and
production data. That part is the "productivity" issue. The answer is
that, here in the Sacramento area (Not as hot at the Coachella Valley,
but hotter than a lot of places!) no measurable or discernable kWH
production trends are found in otherwise comparable systems. FACT! It
is a factor we are monitoring and looking for, by the way.

Another "wildcard" is "What the Customer is expecting".... Salespeople
promise anything. Well-intentioned or not. On top of that, it's not
"What you told them" that counts.... It's "What they heard"!!!!!!
That's a big one and every single one of us should be sensitive to and
understand it. Please be ethical!!!!!

The other part of the equation is the cumaltive "life-expectancy" of the
inverter and its accessories. (Like blackened LCD Displays...Which does
occur when they are in the heat. Most, if not all I have visited later
display accurately when in the cooler parts of the day. Your calculator
will do the same thing if you leave it on the dash.)

"How much of the effective inverter life is lost by being exposed to
direct sunlight?" is what it all comes down to.

In order to truly answer that question, we will have to conduct at least
a 15 year study. That study will require, among many other things, a
sample quantity of inverters on comparable systems, in various exposure
settings. (Compare an inverter mounted in a garage, another inside a
conditioned space, another on the north side of a house, another on the
south, another on the south with partial shade, another on the south
with full shade and good airflow, another on the west, with and without
shade, etc. Oh, by the way, the arrays will all have to be comparable,
too! Multiply that by at least 20 to get even the most basic element of
scientificity!)

I don't think this Industry can wait 20 years, personally. I'm gonna
live to be 100 and Alive. That's my "life expectancy". It's those
"unexpected" things that will more than likely get in the way of that.
Like maybe a Mack Truck vs. my motorcycle!

Back to Gary H's issue.... Policy and End-User Value. Since some agency
is disbursing funds, as an investment in our Industry, those funds must
be disbursed fairly and in the most reasonable and justifiable manner
possible. That is one element of "free money" that many don't fully
understand, but it comes at a cost and, at least in Gary's case, he
cares enough to ask. How many inspectors do you know who even bother?

Think about it this way: If Gary goes back to the Energy Trust and says
"No Sunny Boys in the Sun", that will lead to a policy of "No inverters
in the Sun, EVER!" A blanket policy like this will put things in
people's minds that may not be easily overcome. The word will spread
among local building inspectors. Instead of looking at the real things
that matter, like properly wired and safely installed systems, some of
them will walk up, see that there is a potential for the inverter to
"see the light of day" and that will be "it". That's a FACT. I don't
believe that's a prudent course.

This brings up a couple of Manufacturer's-Please-Support-Us issues. We,
as Wrenches, need the Manu's to include Clear and Definitive
recommendations and guidelines in their Installation Manuals to address
this and other topics. If there is something like "Not in the direct
Sun", then have a reasonably priced "accessory" available for those
applications. This makes it easier for the Designer/Installer, promotes
Branding, and makes it easy for the Building Inspector! It will also,
IMHO, make it easier for the Manu.

I don't have a "definitive" answer to Gary's question so I'll quantify
it like this and hope for the best in Oregon!

My personal bottom line is this: Do your best, with all the Site
Circumstances considered, to put those inverters in the shade... For
some "unquantifiable at this point insurance", if nothing else. Just
instinct based on experience. Be honest with your Customers about your
concerns. You'll find that, ultimately, you end up selling more systems
and getting to install them "your way" with less problems. One of the
reasons is simply that "The Customer who is going to buy from the
Sales-Slick is going to buy from them anyway." Those are the Customers
that honest, hard-working, believing, real Wrenches don't want. They
are headaches!

PS - My gut feeling is that Max B's inverters will last longer and
generate "more kWH's per Inverter" than one installed in the direct Sun.

Two Cents and.....

Sunshine!

Matt Lafferty
Universal Energies Institute
mlafferty at universalenergies.com
(916) 422-9772
(916) 628-7694 Cell
(916) 914-2247 Fax
www.universalenergies.com

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John Berdner
2003-09-27 00:55:19 UTC
Permalink
Gary / Wrenches:

The direct sun question is one we get all the time.
Our manual says do not mount the inverter in direct sunlight.
If the inverter is in direct sunlight then use a shade over the
heatsink or use a fan.
That being said I do not want to rule out ever mounting an inverter on
the South or West wall.
Every installation is different so blanket statements can't apply - use
good judgement.
Matt L.'s post is right on the money in this regard.

We suggest:
Mount the inverter in the shade whenever possible.
Ideally on the North or East side of a building.
You can also mount them on the roof under an array if you have 10" or
so above the heatsink.
In all cases airflow is MUCH more important than ambient temperature as
far as derating is concerned.
If you run it at < 75% of rated power it will probably work pretty well
with sun on it.
If you have to put it in the sun put a fan on it or put up a shade
structure.
If you don't have a fan or shade in full sun then your customer will
probably be crying the 12 bar derating blues.



Bottom Line:
UL requires us to limit the heatsink to 70C under all conditions.
If the heatsink gets up above 65C then you will start to have some
derating going on.
Every system / installation is different so take out your calibrated,
mark 1 palm and press it against the heatsink in the hottest part of the
day.
If your hand gets uncomfortable then it is probably too hot and needs
some shade or a fan.

Best Regards,

John Berdner
gary at windstreamsolar.com 9/26/2003 11:16:11 AM >>>
Wrenches,

In doing inspections for the Energy Trust of Oregon we're seeing a lot
of
Sunny Boys, of course. I'd appreciate your pass on whether we should
allow
the units to be mounted on exposed locations in the sun--in particular
West-
and South-facing surfaces. At present we lean towards requiring some
sort of
sun shade (while still maintaining good air circulation).

We know about the importance of good air circulation, but what about
significant direct sun and hot ambient temperatures?

What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?

Thank you,

Gary

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Gary Higbee ( gary at windstreamsolar.com )
(541 )607-1818 (Eugene)
(541) 954-3881 (Cell)
Solar, wind, and hydro site analysis and system design
Components dealer and installation assistance
Energy Trust of Oregon contracted system inspector
~ WindStream Solar ( www.windstreamsolar.com ) ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



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Don Loweburg, Offline
2003-09-28 00:45:23 UTC
Permalink
In a message dated 09/26/2003 11:16:19 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Gary Higbee
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?
Gary, I would not put them in the sun. I know Oregon is not as hot as central
CA,(my area) but in all cases, I don't think it's a good idea.

Don Loweburg

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Darryl Thayer
2003-09-28 01:36:48 UTC
Permalink
I have three in the sun. they are on the west side of
the building. At solar noon they are shaded by the
overhang as the afternoon progresses they are in more
sunlight, but the solar energy is fading on the
collectors. By time the invewrtrers are near full sun
the collectors are almost out of power. So the sun is
derating itself.
daryl
Post by Don Loweburg, Offline
In a message dated 09/26/2003 11:16:19 AM Pacific
Daylight Time,
Post by Gary Higbee
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see
what derating occurs?
Post by Gary Higbee
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or
not?
Gary, I would not put them in the sun. I know Oregon
is not as hot as central
CA,(my area) but in all cases, I don't think it's a
good idea.
Don Loweburg
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Matt Tritt
2003-09-28 02:10:27 UTC
Permalink
Don,

I thought you were in Northern Ca?

Matt T (in Central Ca!);-)

-----Original Message-----
From: Don Loweburg, Offline [mailto:i2p at aol.com]
Sent: Saturday, September 27, 2003 5:45 PM
To: RE-wrenches at topica.com
Subject: Re: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]



In a message dated 09/26/2003 11:16:19 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Gary Higbee
What's your pass? Has anyone done a test to see what derating occurs?
Should
we allow unshaded Sunny Boys on these surfaces or not?
Gary, I would not put them in the sun. I know Oregon is not as hot as
central
CA,(my area) but in all cases, I don't think it's a good idea.

Don Loweburg

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Don Loweburg, Offline
2003-09-28 19:10:47 UTC
Permalink
In a message dated 09/27/2003 6:41:47 PM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Darryl Thayer
By time the invewrtrers are near full sun
the collectors are almost out of power. So the sun is
derating itself.
A good example of Matts point. The details of the situation determine whats
possible.
All rules can be judiciously broken. But we still start with the rule. The
recommendation of the manufacturer is to not place inverters in the sun.
Best,Don

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Jason Fisher
2003-09-29 13:11:30 UTC
Permalink
A question I've often had when facing this problem is whether or not
black is really the best color for the exposed heatsinks. Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?

Jason Fisher
Aurora Energy

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sunwise
2003-09-29 15:09:28 UTC
Permalink
If I remember correctly, a black surface is not only better at receiving
radiant heat energy (in the sun), it is also better at dissipating heat
via radiant heat loss/exchange. I would assume this is why we tend to
see flat black heatsinks.

Kurt Nelson
SOLutions

-----Original Message-----
From: Jason Fisher [mailto:jfisher at nahbrc.org]
Sent: Monday, September 29, 2003 8:12 AM
To: RE-wrenches at topica.com
Subject: RE: Sunny Boy in the sun? [RE-wrenches]

A question I've often had when facing this problem is whether or not
black is really the best color for the exposed heatsinks. Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?

Jason Fisher
Aurora Energy

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Don Loweburg, Offline
2003-09-29 16:25:00 UTC
Permalink
In a message dated 09/29/2003 6:12:09 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
Post by Jason Fisher
Wouldn't a
silver or clear coating lesser the effects of direct sunlight on the
performance or is black simply the best at dissapating the heat?
Jason,

Black is important, as a radiator of heat, black works best.-Downside, black
is also the most efficient absorber of radiant energy.

Best, Don

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